Пристрастие к компьютерным играм официально признали психическим расстройством
20 июня 2018
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№173, июнь 2018
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Пристрастие к компьютерным играм официально признали психическим расстройством
Всемирная организация здравоохранения обновила Международную классификацию болезней (МКБ). В новую версию включили 55 тысяч заболеваний, а также официально добавили зависимость от компьютерных и видеоигр. Пресс-релиз с презентацией новой классификации опубликован 18 июня на сайте ВОЗ.
Игровое расстройство (Gaming disorder) было включено в список психологических и поведенческих расстройств. По терминологии ВОЗ игровое расстройство характеризуется как модель повторяющегося или постоянного поведения, которая сопровождается нарушением контроля за длительностью игры, вытеснением повседневной деятельности (социальной активности, учебы, работы) в пользу игр, а также прогрессирующим желанием продолжать играть, несмотря на возможные негативные последствия.
Ближайшей аналогией игрового расстройства является зависимость от азартных игр (gambling disorder, код 6C50, согласно МКБ).
Игровое расстройство диагностируют, если подобное поведение наблюдается у человека не менее 12 месяцев.
Также специалисты ВОЗ отдельно выделяют опасную игровую зависимость (hazardous gaming), когда увлечение компьютерными играми увеличивает риск психологических или физиологических негативных последствий. Например, когда из‑за компьютерной игры человек отказывается от сна или приема пищи.
Международная классификация болезней — принятая во многих странах (в том числе и в России) система группировки заболеваний и патологических состояний. Она позволяет вести статистику смертности и распространенности заболеваемости населения, а также обмениваться международными данными в едином формате. Новая версия МКБ будет официально представлена в 2019 году, а вступит в силу с 1 января 2022 года. Последний раз классификация пересматривалась 27 лет назад.
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