Терапию антителами к ВИЧ впервые испытали на людях
3 октября 2018
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№177, октябрь 2018
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Терапию антителами к ВИЧ впервые испытали на людях
Ученые из Университета Рокфеллера (Rockefeller University, США) провели клинические испытания метода использования моноклональных антител в терапии ВИЧ. Таким образом, у традиционной антиретровирусной терапии в скором будущем может появиться альтернатива. Подробные результаты испытаний опубликованы в журнале Nature.
Исследования проводились на 15 ВИЧ-положительных добровольцах. Ученые испытывали эффективность комбинации антител 3BNC117 и 10–1074 к двум различным белкам вируса. Антитела связываются с вирусными частицами и таким образом «помечают» их для удаления иммунными клетками хозяина.
Антитела были выведены из крови нонпрогрессоров ВИЧ — людей, которые, не получая никакого лечения, годами имеют нулевую или минимальную вирусную нагрузку и нормальный уровень CD4‑лимфоцитов.
Каждый участник эксперимента получал три инъекции каждого антитела в дозировке 30 мг/кг массы тела. Введение антител проходило в первый день, а также на третьей и на шестой неделе испытания.
Выраженный положительный эффект был обнаружен у девяти участников. Вирус иммунодефицита этих испытуемых изначально был чувствителен к обоим видам антител (3BNC117 и 10–1074). У всех девяти человек была достигнута супрессия вируса, определявшаяся по вирусной нагрузке в крови и тканях.
Супрессивный эффект длился от 15 до 30 недель, в среднем около 20. Более того, ни у кого из этой группы испытуемых вирус не выработал устойчивости к обоим видам антител.
Ученые отмечают, что в предшествующих исследованиях терапия одним видом антител приводила к быстрому развитию устойчивости вируса у испытуемых и повышению вирусной нагрузки в крови. Использование комбинации антител позволяет в большей степени избежать резистентности, а также снизить кратность введения препаратов.
Справка: супрессия — подавление признака, возникшего в результате мутации. Полное или частичное восстановление исходного нормального фенотипа.
Катрен Стиль
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