Ученые нашли первоисточник устойчивых к антибиотикам бактерий
Исследователи из Университетского колледжа Лондона изучили ген устойчивости к антибиотикам (mcr-1) и смогли определить место, откуда бактерии с таким геном начали распространяться по миру. Им оказались свиноводческие фермы в Китае. Статья с результатами исследования была опубликована в журнале Nature.
Появление mcr-1 связано с одним из классов антибиотиков — полимиксинами. Полимиксины имеют серьезные побочные эффекты, поэтому не применяются при обычном лечении. Их используют как антибиотики «последнего резерва» в случаях, когда обычные препараты не дают результата. Однако полимиксины в некоторых странах применяются в животноводстве, в качестве добавки в корм. Их частое использование дает возможность бактериям мутировать и вырабатывать сопротивление действию препарата.
Так, в 2015 году был обнаружен генетический механизм MCR-1, который дает гену mcr-1 бактерицидную резистентность. Этот ген не дает бактериям полной защиты от антибиотиков, но делает их менее восприимчивыми к действию полимиксинов. В результате пациенту приходится назначать большую дозу.
Ученые проанализировали 457 штаммов устойчивых к полимиксинам бактерий, и составили карту их распространения. Исследователи пришли к выводу, что первые бактерии (кишечные палочки) с резистентным mcr-1 появились в 2005 году на свиноводческих фермах в Китае. Уже через десять лет (к началу 2016 года) такие бактерии распространились по всем континентам, за исключением Австралии.
Резистентность бактерий является актуальной проблемой современного здравоохранения. По данным ВОЗ за 2016–2017 годы, устойчивые к действиям антибиотиков бактерии были выявлены более чем у 500 000 пациентов по всему миру.
3 апреля 2018
Выпуск: №171, апрель 20182222 просмотров
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