Катрен Стиль
Кесарево сечение повлияло на эволюцию
Исследовательская группа из Австрии и США проанализировала статистику по количеству кесаревых сечений за последние 50 лет. Ученые выяснили, что за полвека эту операцию стали проводить достоверно чаще. В 1960‑х годах кесарево сечение делали в 30 случаях родов из 1000, а сейчас — в 36. Филипп Миттерокер (Philipp Mitteroecker) из Университета Вены и его коллеги полагают, что эту операцию стали проводить чаще из‑за того, что головы детей стали больше, а тазовые кости женщин — более узкими.
Если раньше роды при узком тазе женщины и/или большой голове плода закончились бы гибелью обоих, то кесарево сечение дало детям возможность родиться, вырасти и передать генотип «большеголовости» и/или «узкотазовости» своим детям. В результате в каждом следующем поколении постепенно увеличивается процент людей с большой головой и/или узким тазом. Таким образом, кесарево сечение уже повлияло на эволюцию.
Авторы отмечают, что пока это лишь гипотеза. Результаты исследования опубликованы в декабрьском номере журнала Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Ученые признают, что на частоту кесарева сечения влияет множество негенетических факторов. Например, такие операции стали проводить чаще из‑за того, что всё большее количество рожениц имеют диабет и ожирение.
Источники:
bbc.commedicalxpress.com
pnas.org
3 января 2017
Фото: www.istockphoto.com/PHDG
Выпуск: №156, январь 20171043 просмотров
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1043 просмотров
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